The fifth study on reproductive health survey in Romania was performed at the end of 2016 and the beginning of 2017, on a representative sample of fertile women aged 15-45 years. The fieldwork of the survey was carried out in 19 counties and the municipality of Bucharest, which covers all the eight geo-economic regions of the country. The sample size was more than 5000 respondents. The field work was performed in 64 cities, 388 villages, 19 districts of the country, and the 6 districts of Bucharest. The distribution of the investigation units was 540 units in the rural area, respectively 710 units in the urban area. A sample was 5051 subjects, with 2146 persons from the rural area and 2905 persons from the urban area. The survey addressed topics of fertility, abortion, contraceptives, family planning, and maternal and child health, and reproductive health literacy.