Researchers systematically reviewed literature on the health burden of physical violence, psychological violence, and neglect during childhood. Utilizing the Burden of Proof (BoP) methodology, a meta-analytical approach that generates conservative measures of association while accounting for heterogeneity between input studies, the authors summarized the relationship between these forms of violence against children and 35 adverse health outcomes. This dataset comprises: a list detailing all studies incorporated into our analysis; processed input data from each included study; and results for each exposure-outcome BoP analysis, including pooled relative risks and BoP-specific metrics (i.e., burden of proof risk function, risk-outcome score, and star rating).